A B S T R A C TSATISFACTION is considered one of the effective methods for evaluating the success of urban development plans and projects, and it is a tool to measure which type of housing and residential environment meets the needs, expectations, and aspirations of residents. This article aims to compare Amiriyeh and Pay-eToop neighborhoods in Bojnord city in terms of residents' SATISFACTION WITH living in these neighborhoods. Using a questionnaire, the data was obtained by a survey from 229 heads of sample households living in Bojnoord city. The residents' SATISFACTION is analyzed by 26 indicators set as home and neighborhood indices. The data is entered into SPSS software to run the One Sample T-Test and calculate statistical parameters. Also, the data is entered in Arc GIS in accordance WITH the UTM coordinates of the responder's locations to provide a GIS point layer to use zoning maps to be drawn. Residential SATISFACTION is lower than average and slightly higher in Pay-eToop than in Amiriyeh. Also, the average score of the indicators that are set as home indices is lower than those for neighborhood indices. The zoning maps indicate that most parts of the neighborhoods show an average level of SATISFACTION WITH housing, and the maps of different indicators are not much different from each other. The role of physical indicators in low SATISFACTION is much more significant than social indicators. To improve SATISFACTION, paying attention to the neighborhood regeneration and improving the housing quality is necessaryExtended AbstractIntroductionSatisfactory housing is one of the most valuable aspects of life and one of the main elements of people's living standards. The higher the level of SATISFACTION WITH a place, the more people will feel a sense of belonging to that place and feel more relaxed about being there. The feeling of SATISFACTION from a place can cause the positive effects of the place in the process of relationships in which the environment is being formed and carried out. On the one hand, SATISFACTION measurement is considered one of the effective methods of evaluating the success of urban programs and plans. On the other hand, it is a tool to measure which type of housing and residential environment currently meets its residents' needs, expectations, and aspirations. MethodologyThe residents' SATISFACTION is analyzed by 26 indicators set as home and neighborhood indices. A questionnaire gathers the data. Household heads in the studied neighborhoods (Amirieh and Pay-e Toop) are randomly selected as 229 sample people. The sample people evaluate the items in the questionnaire in a 5-range of the Likert scale from very high to very low. The qualified range was then changed to quantified scores from 5 to 1. Afterward, they were entered into SPSS software to run the One Sample T-Test and calculate other statistical parameters. The address of each respondent is included in the questionnaires, and based on the address, the UTM coordinates of the respondent are determined using Google Earth. Then, the information from the questionnaires is entered into the GIS according to the coordinates to provide a GIS point layer for drawing zoning maps. Results and discussionThe score of 2.75, which is the average figure of the evaluation scores for all the indicators of both neighborhoods, indicates that residential SATISFACTION is lower than the assumed average score (3). The average scores are 2.90 and 2.57 for Pay-e Toop and Amirieh neighborhoods, respectively, and they indicate that the residential SATISFACTION in the first is slightly higher than the other. Pay-e Toop is the oldest neighborhood in Bojnoord, which accommodates the traditional complex of shops (Bazar) and essential physical elements of historical eras, such as the city's citadel. In addition to the high proportion of immigrants, it also includes deep-rooted and native families that have strong social relationships. Also, the average score for the neighborhood indices is slightly higher than for the home indices. The average figure for all 26 indicators is lower than the assumed average score (3) and indicates a lower residential SATISFACTION. Five indicators WITH the higher SATISFACTION score are as follows: relationship WITH neighbors, living in the ancestral neighborhood, the situation of streets and ways, living WITH relatives, and the quality of wastewater disposal. On the contrary, lower SATISFACTION scores belong to the indicators of access to shopping centers, healthcare service centers, the size of homes, and access to public transportation, respectively. Despite the fame of the gardens of Bojnord in previous centuries, in recent decades, most of the gardens disappeared, especially in the city's central business district, which corresponds to the two studied neighborhoods; there is a small area of land covered by parks and green spaces. Green spaces are mainly the small green strips on the edge or in the middle of the streets. For Amiriye and Pay-e Toop neighborhoods, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the respondents' education levels and their scores of residential SATISFACTION are -0.36 and -0.23, respectively. It implies that residential SATISFACTION has an inverse relationship WITH education. Also, the correlation coefficient between the residence length in the neighborhood and residential SATISFACTION scores are +.001 and -0.29, respectively (for Amirieh and Pay-e Toop neighborhoods). It also indicates no relation for the first neighborhood and an inverse relation for the other.The zoning map of all the indicators shows that in more than 90% of the neighborhood area, the level of SATISFACTION is in the medium range. In Amirieh, the parts WITH low SATISFACTION are scattered. It can be said that the northeastern edge of the Amirieh neighborhood and the southwestern edge of the Pay-e Toop neighborhood have lower SATISFACTION. ConclusionThe role of physical indicators in low SATISFACTION is much more significant than social indicators. The physical components of the neighborhoods caused a low level of SATISFACTION. On the contrary, higher SATISFACTION is revealed from the socio-cultural components. Households prefer the quality of services more than the availability of services. In medium-sized cities such as Bojnoord, neighborhood relations, closeness to relatives, and living in neighborhoods where the ancestors lived are still decisive in creating residential SATISFACTION. To improve life SATISFACTION, paying attention to housing quality and the regeneration of both neighborhoods is necessary. Also, improvement, retrofitting, enhancing the quality of the building, and improving the quality of urban services, especially healthcare services, public transportation, and commercial services, should be considered. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The body FREEDOM flutter phenomenon is one of the aeroelastic instabilities that occurs due to the coupling of the aeroelastic bending mode of the wing WITH the short-period mode in the flight dynamics of the aircraft. By using the aeroservoelastic model and applying closed loop control, this phenomenon can be suppressed in the operating conditions of the aircraft and the velocity of this event can be increased. The simplest model aircraft capable of displaying this instability includes the flexible wing and the planar flight dynamics model. For this purpose, the wing structure is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam and, the theory of minimum variable state is used to model unstable aerodynamics to make the conditions suitable for modeling the system in state space. In the control section, the elevator is used as the control surface and LQR theory WITH Kalman filter is used to body FREEDOM flutter suppression. Finally, the effect of adding a closed loop control to increase the body FREEDOM flutter velocity and the limitations of this work are studied.

The caliph Omar was killed in the year Hijri (644A.D) and othman and Othman succeeded him. The main reason for this event was disSATISFACTION of the Arab elite of the economic program of the second caliph. Very little research has been conducted on this issue especially in Persian language. In order to clarify this issue, some points should be studied, the socioeconomical program of Omar especially regarding his program for land, his will, the cause of the economical advancement of the bourgeois after the Caliph death, and the speculations regarding his death.      

From the political sociology point of view, emerging and continuity of modem societies have been a combined WITH some kind of totalitarianism in west (as the First step of development), modem nation-states, modem revolutions, modem wars, Formation of totalitarian Communism-Fashism, democratic systems, and at least Globalization, terrorism, Terrorism phenomena has been deep in glomming because of ontology, epistemology, and political sociology, and has been the base of bilateralism and unharmonize Function of national and international political power side. And accordingly this situation has made some kind of disturbance in social and political systems and international relations as a whole. In this research, we take for garented the rise of terrorism by statistic, and the next step Refer to ontology of terrorism according to scholars and politicians point of view. The take for garented that WITH the falling down of capability of states, sociopolitical movements rise up in national, international, and even global level, and from this perspective, we study terrorism phenomena in level of analysis in which sociopolitical movements formed. At last, we study the function of terrorism mechanism from rational choice point of view.

This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, and discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in Africa, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable WITH such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, and an implicit social element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition and protection of individual FREEDOM. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire WITHout external constraints, and the level of their individuality in relation to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue between liberals and more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of FREEDOM that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality WITH a social element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. WITH this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual FREEDOM, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates and feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance relations between liberal politics of individual rights and FREEDOM, and communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic and political conditions in Africa societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, and not about Africa in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on social reforms in Africa. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality and differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual FREEDOM are not undermined, and the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that Africa societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism and community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated WITHin Popper’s critical rationalism.

The present study examines self-reported life SATISFACTION among 450 university students (162 males and 288 females) at the University of Ferdosi, Mashhad. At first, Theoretically discussed if Life SATISFACTION is a simple variable or a multi-dimensional construct. We assume that it is simple. It was found that there are no significant differences between males and females life SATISFACTION in different facilities, statistically. Variables such as ”self SATISFACTION“, ”SATISFACTION of university“ & ”optimism“ have great effects on the issue, for both male and female students.

The root of the nature, the reasons and the quality of sociopolitical leaders' thought is hidden in their epistemological system. Understanding this system helps to recognize the influential components in analyzing sociopolitical issues from the viewpoint of the person. Although there are many scientific works regarding the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei, there has not been a work which investigates his epistemological system in analyzing sociopolitical issues. Using a descriptive-analytical method and having an epistemological approach, seeks to discover the epistemological system of Ayatollah Khamenei in sociopolitical issues. In answering the question that what criteria Ayatollah Khamenei uses in analyzing sociopolitical issues, we came to the conclusion that his epistemological system analyzes the sociopolitical issues by relying on the four processes of recognition that is the possibility of recognizing political issues, the capability of accepting the truth or falsehood of political events, the possibility of recognizing the true political event from the false one and the relationship between political events. The most important distinction of his epistemological system from that of other political analysts is the combination of experiential data WITH logical evaluations and revelational adjustment.

The conquest of Iran by the Muslim Arabs that marked the fall of the Sassanid dynasty, as well as the questions about its justifications and consequences, have been extensively discussed by historians from a variety of angles. Hence, there are divergent views on the rationales underlying their rapid and unpredictable domination over the great Sassanid territory. For example, references have been made to the reconciliation of some Iranian aristocratic and ruling families WITH the Arabs for economic and religious purposes. However, no independent and systematic research has explored the non-economic and non-religious goals and motives of the Iranian aristocracy in reconciliation WITH the Arabs so far. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method, strives to explore the political, social, military, and security stimuli of the Arab conquerors. According to findings, the urgency to protect one’ s life, maintain former positions, promote one’ s SOCIO-POLITICAL status in the new ruling system, exploit Arab military force to get rid of traditional rivals, and be realistic about surviving the military crisis and regaining power impelled a class of Iranian aristocrats to pursue the strategy of reconciliation WITH the Arab invading forces.

In this essay we try to show the place of FREEDOM (free will) in Kant’s thought according to Heidegger’s interpretation; according to this interpretation, FREEDOM is not a metaphysical and noumenal FREEDOM for human as Subject but an existential one that makes him possible as a Dasein (being- in- world). Such a fundamental FREEDOM is not provable and cannot be treated by any theoretical speculation, rather we encounter it in our actions and in the process of making free decisions, finding philosopher’s theoretical attempts to prove it in vain. The actuality of FREEDOM must be searched in ourselves and in our own state of being, not in a lifeless and systematic arguments of philosopher’s; And it is Kant that discovers this point implicitly in his second Critic (The Critique of Practical reason) causing a great turn for Heidegger's thought.